As the Human Genome Project has helped our understanding of genetics, the Human Connectome Project promises a greater insight into the connection of major brain pathways.

The following description is from the home page of the Human Connectome Project:

"Navigate the brain in a way that was never before possible; fly through major brain pathways, compare essential circuits, zoom into a region to explore the cells that comprise it, and the functions that
depend on it.

The Human Connectome Project aims to provide an unparalleled compilation of neural data, an interface to graphically navigate this data and the opportunity to achieve never before realized conclusions about the living human brain."